A paper written by Col. Andrew Milani (Former commander of the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment) and Dr. Stephen D. Biddle entitled "Pitfalls of Technology: A Case Study of the battle of Takur Ghar" noted that the Predator was on station 90 minutes after Roberts had fallen; the images that were shot before the Predator had arrived were shot by GRIM-32's Infrared Cameras. 3 main talking points is Competence, Mutual Trust & Shared Understanding. Americans remained in the battle trusting in each others will to fight, morale, confidence, and the warrior ethos among them. There were many factors during this operation that could have led to added failure. Macpherson, Malcolm. Meanwhile, the 3rd battalion were dropped into the northern end of the valley with the objective of linking up with the stranded forces at the blocking positions. It was fought in difficult mountain conditions and ended up with an American . Mission orders define the desired results but do not mandate how to achieve them. The terrain is rugged, and the peaks have many spurs and ridges. Naturally, an individual or group disagrees with the ideology of the invasive force and now the prospect of war is introduced into the equation. The militia was even told to conduct their operations according to the way they wanted. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/reader.action?docID=817138#, https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/apus/reader.action?docID=618737&ppg=208, https://www.defense.gov/Explore/Features/Story/Article/1736210/medal-of-honor-monday-navy-master-chief-britt-slabinski/. From this concept, the philosophy of the seven principles of mission command has become discovered. The men on the floor of the valley then picked up and began to patrol north again moving another 50 or so meters when an RPG was fired off a low foothill to the east. An enemy counterattack midday mortally wounded Senior Airman Jason D. Cunningham, a pararescueman. This type of shared understanding was not initially achieved by the commanders of the U.S. forces. [28] Also, the quick-reaction soldiers reported fighters wearing Robert's gear and finding "a helmet with a bullet hole in it, [from which] it was clear the last person [Roberts] to wear it had been shot in the head. Their vital intelligence was fed back to the AFO and would prove invaluable once the operation started. Nail 22, an AC-130H Spectre, reconnoitered the peak, and, seeing no enemy activity, declared the mountain top secure. [9], In February 2002, a Special Forces intelligence analyst working for Task Force Bowie began to identify patterns that led him to believe that surviving al-Qaeda forces were massing in the Lower Shahikot Valley, some 60 miles south of Gardez. Such implementations would limit the flow of effectively shared information between components in battle. It was a joint mission between U.S. military branches, six other nations, and Afghans led by Major General Franklin L. Hagenbeck. General Varenikov, the commanding officer of the Soviet leadership, complained that the Afghan forces failed to develop an accurate picture of the Mujahideen defense in Zhawar, despite having enough time to do so.16 Yet, even after the Soviets took the lead, their When a mortar team from the 1-87 Infantry was hit by enemy mortar fire, Wallace put himself in harm's way, collecting some of the wounded by dragging them into the creek bed, then dressing their wounds along with another SASR liaison officer. This type of command structure inhibited the commanders on the ground to exercise disciplined initiative. Also, it may serve as an ethical NCO practice if orders are absent; the commanders intent serves as a basis for taking initiative in the absence of orders. Operation Anaconda would have greatly benefited from a unified command structure, because of the command structure that the operation used there were many issues with planning, integration, and confusion. Australian soldiers had utilised 'virtual reality' style software for mission rehearsal prior to insertion, and this contributed significantly to their situational awareness in the darkness and poor weather conditions. "[32] Investigative reporter Seymour Hersh refuted the official account, describing it as "in fact a debacle, plagued by squabbling between the services, bad military planning and avoidable deaths of American soldiers, as well as the escape of key al-Qaeda leaders, likely including Osama bin Laden."[33]. The five-man team, including MCpl Graham Ragsdale, MCpl Tim McMeekin, MCpl Arron Perry, Cpl Dennis Eason, and Cpl Rob Furlong, killed over 20 enemy fighters during the operation and were awarded Bronze Star medals by the United States for their service. The US forces suffered 80 casualties in the operation, with 8 killed and 72 wounded. During shared experiences, the two-way communication and interaction between the commander, subordinates, and Soldiers reinforces trust. [23], Despite heavy opposition, Task Force Rakkasan managed to secure its blocking positions to the north by the middle of the morning. The commanders intent is usually given with the principle of mission orders. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you! The Operation Anaconda is seen as the initial conventional operation style of military in Operation Enduring Freedom. 1,300 words on the Operation Anaconda Case Study. The planning process lacked commander's intent, understanding, and mutual trust. Operation Anaconda demonstrated a breakdown in all six mission command philosophy principles and became the catalyst for changing the way war was conducted by the United States. Task Force 11 received time-sensitive intelligence that a possible HVT was travelling within a convoy of al-Qaeda fighters who were attempting to escape by vehicle from Shahikot into Pakistan. Subordinates gain the trust of their commanders by displaying competence and commanders gain the trust of their subordinates by a display of their competence in training, garrison, or combat environments. They infiltrated the area on foot via the southern edge of the valley to set up an observation post on a terrain feature known as 'The Finger.' Sgt. Regardless of mitigation, some risk remains and all from the highest commander to the Soldier in the operational environment understands and accepts the risk. The Northern Alliance proved to be battle-hardened allies that could be counted on to fulfill critical tasks of the mission command warfighting function. Because of this adaptation, the necessary adjustments were made and the tide of the battle would soon turn in favor of the Americans. [6] The final plan foresaw two major forces: TF Hammer and TF Anvil. Leaders cannot stress enough the significance of fabricating a command structure for combat operations. a letter of orders from General Grant to General Sherman. This operation included joint efforts by Special Operations and multinational partners who worked together in the Shahi Kot Valley in Afghanistan in March 2002 (Isherwood, 2007). Even though all overhead imagery showed no signs of life on the peak of Takur Ghar, LCDR Hyder gave the team final guidance per SOP that if any signs were seen, mission would be aborted. Supported by 16 Apaches, 5 USMC Cobras helicopters and several A-10A ground attack aircraft; the Rakkasans methodically cleared an estimated 130 caves, 22 bunkers and 40 buildings to finally secure the valley. Looking for a flexible role? An Afghan warlord named Zia Lodin is one of the main leaders of the Afghan allies that are fighting against, and have been fighting the Taliban for decades. The helicopter crash-landed shortly after. The TF 11 operators added their firepower. (LogOut/ Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. A public declaration from such an esteemed figure commemorates the competence attributed to American forces. It is composed of two distinct areas, the Lower and Upper Shahi-Kot which run roughly parallel to each other. Finally, between several generals including SOF generals; the principle of shared understanding is exemplified as they agreed that command and control would be more effective under a conventional generalship under General Franks with SOF as a support element (Lambeth p. 167-168). While attempting to land at the top of Taku Ghar, their helicopter was hit with an RPG. The purpose of this paper is to give a detailed analysis of the six principles of Mission Command and how they apply to Operation Anaconda. Because of the poor initial intelligence assessment, the troops on the ground were initially exposed to a much higher prudent risk factor than what was originally anticipated. The aircraft immediately began taking fire, and the right door minigunner, Sergeant Phillip Svitak, was killed by small arms fire. "Roberts Ridge" Bantam Dell (New York), 2013. The Ranger quick-reaction force located at Bagram Air Base and led by Captain Nate Self, was called in to search for the SEAL who fell out of the helicopter, now alone on top of the mountain. Operation Anaconda was the first major joint combat operation against the war on terror that the US was committed to winning. An undetermined number of rebels are said to have escaped the fighting through rugged terrain. You are required to give an in depth introduction of your topic. They remained undetected in an observation post through the firefight and proved critical in co-ordinating multiple Coalition air strikes to prevent the al-Qaeda fighters from overrunning the downed aircraft, to devastating effect. The militia did not have an understanding of the bigger picture and just how important they were to the success of the mission. 3. However, valuable lessons were learned from Operation Anaconda and utilized in future engagements. This operation provided many examples of how the principles of mission command are interwoven into the capability to conduct unified land operations. The U.S. forces had a mission to secure the escape routes out of the valley. [24] Signalman Martin "Jock" Wallace, of the Australian Special Air Service Regiment, was awarded the Medal for Gallantry for his actions during the fighting. At this point it became clear that Al Qaeda fighters had been expecting an attack. As the human will evolves, so will war and all the turmoil and change it brings. There are countless examples available from various American battles but one, in particular, is notable in OA. Task Force Rakkasan: 3rd Brigade, 101st Airborne Division, 1st and 2nd battalion 187th Infantry Regiment, 1st Battalion, 87th Infantry Regiment, 10th Mountain Division. Analyze the summary of Op Anaconda, provide a brief and short summary of what the mission was (Who, what, when, why, and how). Bahmanyar, Mir. The six principles of mission command are: build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, provide a clear commander's intent, exercise disciplined initiative, use mission orders, and accept prudent risk. Security expert Bill Roggio argued that al-Qaeda "took a beating during the battle, [but] they were by no means defeated".[9]. The risk acceptance principle is obvious in Slabinskis circumstance. At around 20:00, the quick-reaction force and Mako 30/21 were exfiltrated from the Takur Ghar peak. Once a war is initiated it is plagued by violence, death, chaos, confusion, complexity, disorder, and uncertainty. Don't waste time Get a verified expert to help you with Operation Anaconda Battle Analysis Hire verified writer Throughout the day, the TACP forward air controllers and Special Forces teams that had infiltrated into the area the previous day assisted in calling in airstrikes from B-1, B-52, F-15, F-18 and F-16 aircraft, inflicting heavy casualties on the Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, but by no means silencing them. Danger, mental and physical injury and death is a risk in any military operation. Use your time to develop a deep understanding of your topic to fully explain your stance on the topic. ANALYTICAL ESSAY ON THE OPERATION ANACONDA 2 Introduction Operation anaconda was carried out in Shahikot valley of eastern Afghanistan in March 2002. The entire process has taught the involved parties on how to conduct a joint operation effectively. This delay meant that the SEALs could not be inserted into the LZ east of the peak until 02:30 on 4 March, which did not allow enough time to reach the peak before daylight. One team would move to the peak of Takur Ghar, which commanded the southern approach to the Shahi-Kot valley. When the execution of Operation Anaconda occurred, U.S. military presence in Afghanistan was not yet fully mature. Another team codenamed India, composed of three Delta operators and an attached ISA operator walked into the valley through the same conditions to a hide in the southwest of the valley, known as the "Fish Hook". Operation Anaconda is viewed as a success due to coalition forces being able to kill and root out several hundred Taliban and al Qaeda fighters, which left U. S. and coalition forces in control of the Shah-i-Khot Valley. [37] They were replaced by CTF 82, formed from the headquarters of the 82d Airborne Division and led by the division's commander, Major General John R. Vines. Significantly, the commanders intent should not be a repetition of why the mission is occurring, but a broader clear, and concise general purpose of the concept of the mission. Purchase the answer to view it. Naylor, Sean. Mako 30 was forced off the peak due to the heavy fire and damage done. Operation Anaconda took place in early March 2002 in the Shahi-Kot Valley and Arma Mountains southeast of Zormat, Afghanistan .This operation was the first large-scale battle in the United. Special operations teams from the AFO detachment led by Lieutenant Colonel Pete Blaber were to provide on-location reconnaissance in the Shahi-Kot Valley for the operation. They were unable to get a clear answer from the officer they reached and also were unable to connect with the AFO teams. In the seven years of study and debate since 2002, key players from both sides have for the most Policyowners can manage their policies and make premium, loan and rider payments on-line from the convenience of their computer, tablet or cell phones. A shared understanding of the common operating picture is now a prerequisite, and that shared understanding supports only one (not multiple) intent(s). Executive Director Global Commercial Operations Amgen. This commander would have the authority to assign resources according to real-time need. (2007). Operations planning took place in February of 2002 and was executed from 2-16 March. AFO teams launched further Recce teams into the nearby Naka Valley, hunting for al-Qaeda terrorists that had escaped but did not find anything. 1,300 words on the Operation Anaconda Case Study. MilitaryScienceCaseAnalysis.docx. Grim 31, an AC-130 aircraft providing fire support and reconnaissance for the assault, spotted Harriman's convoy and, due to a failure in its inertial navigation system, believed it was in a position away from friendly forces (this was due to a problem with the "glint" panels which should have identified the convoy as American). With the recent long deployments of our military, a review of lessons learned becomes a vital part of mission success and helps to shape our forces for future conflicts. () The Germans are quoted to have witnessed U.S. On March 2, 2002, Major General Franklin L. Hagenbeck launched Operation Anaconda to clear al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters from their stronghold in the Shah-i-Kot Valley, Afghanistan. The Taliban and al-Qaeda forces fired mortars and heavy machine guns from entrenched positions in the caves and ridges of the mountainous terrain at U.S. forces attempting to secure the area. The base of the Shah-i-Khot. The battle and Mansoor (who was killed in 2008) were eulogized by the Taliban's official website, Voice of Jihad, on 7 March 2021.[9]. The AC-130 was then directed to attack the large groupings of enemy combatants currently exposed on top of the mountain, one to three minutes before the Mako 30 was scheduled to arrive. Operation Anaconda has given a substantial vision for the military commanders and the team members. The hot reception resulted in only two of the planned eight CH-47's landing in the LZ. The terrorists appeared surprised and did not fire on the Chinooks, its possible that they were distracted by TF Hammer's advance or the ineffective communication between the foreign fighters themselves. The expectation of very limited enemy indirect fire capability meant that only a single 120mm mortar was brought in the first wave. TF Panther was under the command of Colonel James L. Huggins and had two infantry battalions from the 3d Brigade of the 82d Airborne Division and one attached infantry battalion from the division's 1st Brigade. From past wars to future wars, war has become an evolutionary power. While this operation was considered an overall success, in the end, initial mission plans and the intent were far from being met. It also demonstrated the fragility of the relationship between those principles when the required attention to those principles was not applied. Further air support was provided by U.S. Navy units and French Air Force Mirage 2000Ds. Then analyze the Operation using the 7 Principles of Mission Command: competence, mutual trust, shared understanding, commander's intent, mission orders, discipline initiative, and risk acceptance. Second, there is an insistence, reinforced by information technology, for high-ranking commanders to try to impose their . [26], It is not certain whether the sailor died immediately or was killed by opposing soldiers. A Predator UAV had the convoy under surveillance, showing 3 SUVs, a pickup truck and a large security element of gunman. "Roberts Ridge" Bantam Dell (New York), 2013: Macpherson, Malcolm. This was due to a bomb getting stuck in the launch bay of the B-1B that was on its bomb run. Counterinsurgency: The operation, carried out by Soldiers of Company D, 1st Battalion, 8th Cavalry Regiment, was part of the continuous effort to sweep out insurgent strongholds. The wounded were refused medevac during the daylight hours, due to risk of another downed helicopter. One of the F-15E pilots later acknowledged that this may have been a communication directing Grim-31 to cease fire. It was obvious from this viewpoint that the proximity of friendly forces to the enemy positions was preventing sufficient suppressive firepower from being used due to danger close distance to both Mako 30 and QRF chalk 1. The philosophy of mission command is guided by six interdependent principles: build cohesive teams through mutual trust, create shared understanding, provide a clear commander's intent, exercise . The mission command philosophy is executed through the mission command warfighting function, which basically consists of a series of mutually supporting tasks. Operation Anaconda is one of many battles one can study and learn from immeasurable contingencies and circumstances. "Roberts Ridge" Bantam Dell (New York), 2013.: Macpherson, Malcolm. Introduction Operation Anaconda was a subordinate joint combat operation, during Operation Enduring Freedom, (Lyle 2012) to be carried out in the Shahi Kot Valley located in southeastern Afghanistan. and mutual trust between the DRA and the Soviet forces. Military Science case study. TF Hammer's attack stalled short of entering the valley, due to unexpected heavy small arms and mortar fire, combined with the lack of expected close air support. The battle area occupied about 60 square miles. The mission command warfighting function enables the commander to execute the principles of mission command philosophy. Furthermore, they had no command over the Special Operation Forces (SOF). A former KSK commander is quoted in the German magazine Stern to have said: 'The pictures of Abu Ghraib, the torture in Iraqi prison camps, did absolutely not surprise me.'[36]. CIA paramilitary officers, working with their allies, attempted to destroy al-Qaeda and Taliban forces. On the second day, U.S. forces modified its original plan from a hammer-and-anvil focus to one that would see mass air fires on the valleys eastern sides in support of the U.S. Armys positions there. Medal of Honor Monday: Navy Master Chief. As they approached, the pilots and SEALs observed tracks in the snow and other signs of recent human activity. Use your time to develop a deep understanding of your topic to fully explain your analysis. 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