[627], Football is the most popular sport in Russia. [376] Russia is the world's largest exporter of wheat,[379][380] the largest producer of barley and buckwheat, among the largest exporters of maize and sunflower oil, and the leading producer of fertilizer. It retains its classical and Soviet-era architecture; while boasting high art, world class ballet, and modern skyscrapers. [344][345], After over a decade of post-Soviet rapid economic growth, backed by high oil-prices and a surge in foreign exchange reserves and investment,[185] Russia's economy was damaged following the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, due to the first wave of Western sanctions being imposed. [41] In classical antiquity, the Pontic-Caspian Steppe was known as Scythia. [376] The main product of Russian farming has always been grain, which occupies considerably more than half of the cropland. Igor Sikorsky was an aviation pioneer. [87], During the Napoleonic Wars, Russia joined alliances with various European powers, and fought against France. Here's how to fix it", "Russian domination at the Australian Open", "Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics Athletes, Medals & Results", "Sochi 2014 Winter Olympics Athletes, Medals & Results", "Will Russia Be Thrown Out of the Olympics on Monday? Source: Energoatom, Ukraine's state company that runs all nuclear power plants in this country Quote: "The Russian invaders in the satellite city [217], Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans,[209] has links with a great number of seas. [163] On 25 December 1991, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, along with contemporary Russia, fourteen other post-Soviet states emerged. The rule of the new authorities only aggravated the crisis in the country instead of resolving it, and eventually, the October Revolution, led by Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government and gave full governing power to the Soviets, leading to the creation of the world's first socialist state. ", " ", "Ukraine defends education reform as Hungary promises 'pain', "Ukrainian Language Bill Facing Barrage Of Criticism From Minorities, Foreign Capitals", "Results of the 2009 National Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan", "Population And Housing Census Of The Kyrgyz Republic Of 2009", "Russian Language Status in Central Asian Countries", "For Mongolians, E Is for English, F Is for Future", : , "Window on Eurasia New Series: Percentage of Native Speakers of Russian Higher in Israel than in Most Former Soviet Republics", "Vietnam to add Chinese, Russian to elementary school curriculum", "Language Use in the United States: 2007, census.gov", "Russian is now the second most used language on the web", "Esperanto: its origins and early history", "RusKey: mapping the Russian keyboard layout into the Latin alphabets", https://www.rbth.com/education/328851-dialects-russian-language/amp, "Can Russians from different parts of the country understand each other? 1. Russian explorers pushed eastward primarily along the Siberian River Routes, and by the mid-17th century, there were Russian settlements in eastern Siberia, on the Chukchi Peninsula, along the Amur River, and on the coast of the Pacific Ocean. The vocabulary (mainly abstract and literary words), principles of word formations, and, to some extent, inflections and literary style of Russian have been also influenced by Church Slavonic, a developed and partly Russified form of the South Slavic Old Church Slavonic language used by the Russian Orthodox Church. [368], Russia is committed to the Paris Agreement, after joining the pact formally in 2019. [646] The 1980 Summer Olympic Games were held in Moscow,[647] and the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 2014 Winter Paralympics were hosted in Sochi. [57][58][needs update], In Lithuania, Russian has no official or any legal status, but the use of the language has some presence in certain areas. [h][218] Its major islands and archipelagos include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island, the Kuril Islands, and Sakhalin. [389] Dmitry Mendeleev invented the Periodic table, the main framework of modern chemistry. 992/2020 Russian Federation Constitution", "Suspending Disbelief: 'Cults' and Postmodernism in Post-Soviet Russia", " : vs ", "Scythian Neo-Paganism in the Caucasus: The Ossetian Uatsdin as a 'Nature Religion', " ' ', "Freedom of Conscience in Russia: Restrictions and Challenges in 2020", "Jehovah's Witnesses as Extremists: The Russian State, Religious Pluralism, and Human Rights", "Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Russian Federation", "Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation", "Russian rivieia: from Soviet sanatoriums to lush gardens, your walking guide to seaside Sochi", "Constraints on Universal Health Care in the Russian Federation", United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, "Healthcare in Russia: the Russian healthcare system explained", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Analysis of the Financing of Russian Health Care over the Past 100 Years", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, "Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) Russian Federation", "Why does Russia have such high cardiovascular mortality rates? [citation needed], During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. [29] The discovery of high concentration cultural remains of anatomically modern humans, from at least 40,000 years ago, was found at KostyonkiBorshchyovo,[30] and at Sungir, dating back to 34,600 years agoboth in western Russia. ? A separate private health insurance plan is needed to access private healthcare in Russia. Analysis", "Oil Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Gas Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Russia formally joins Paris climate pact", "Is Russia finally getting serious on climate change? [446], Russian is the official and the predominantly spoken language in Russia. This strengthened dialectal differences and for centuries prevented the establishment of any standardized "national" language. .: , 2003. Borrowings and calques from Byzantine Greek began to enter the Old East Slavic and spoken dialects at this time, which in their turn modified the Old Church Slavonic as well. Alexander Herzen is known as one of the fathers of agrarian populism. [566], After the Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian literature split into Soviet and white migr parts. Ethnic groups in Russia with a population of over 1 million according to the 2010 census. WebRussian language, Russian Russki yazyk, principal state and cultural language of Russia. [52] The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. [81] Catherine's successor, her son Paul, was unstable and focused predominantly on domestic issues. World-renowned composers of the 20th century include Alexander Scriabin, Alexander Glazunov,[545] Igor Stravinsky, Sergei Prokofiev and Dmitri Shostakovich, and later Edison Denisov, Sofia Gubaidulina,[548] Georgy Sviridov,[549] and Alfred Schnittke. [511] Defender of the Fatherland Day, dedicated to men, is celebrated on 23 February. (Ty syel pechnye? [580] Mikhail Bulgakov was one of the leading writers of the Soviet era. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. [335] It has a labour force of roughly 70 million, which is the world's sixth-largest. [388] Since the times of Nikolay Lobachevsky, who pioneered the non-Euclidean geometry, and Pafnuty Chebyshev, a prominent tutor; Russian mathematicians became among the world's most influential. [79] In Nikolaevsk, Alaska, Russian is more spoken than English. [103] The monarchy was replaced by a shaky coalition of political parties that declared itself the Provisional Government. [citation needed], Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. Crops of rye, wheat, barley, and millet provide the ingredients for various breads, pancakes and cereals, as well as for many drinks. 31 Dec 1999: Putin Presidency begins in Russia. Saint Petersburg is Russia's cultural centre and second-largest city. [588] Helena Blavatsky gained international following as the leading theoretician of Theosophy, and co-founded the Theosophical Society. Coordinates: 66N 94E / 66N 94E / 66; 94. [528] The turn of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolism; represented by Mikhail Vrubel and Nicholas Roerich. [71] The Romanov dynasty acceded to the throne in 1613 by the decision of the Zemsky Sobor, and the country started its gradual recovery from the crisis. .: , 1987. (Ty syl pechenye? The Russian Academy's first explanatory Russian dictionary appeared in 1783. Ranked worldwide, the Russian economy stands at the ninth-largest by nominal GDP and the sixth-largest by GDP (PPP). [611] Wine has become increasingly popular in Russia in the 21st century. [44] Moscow gradually absorbed its parent duchy and surrounding principalities, including formerly strong rivals such as Tver and Novgorod. The country's achievements in the field of space technology and space exploration can be traced back to Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, the father of theoretical astronautics, whose works had inspired leading Soviet rocket engineers, such as Sergey Korolyov, Valentin Glushko, and many others who contributed to the success of the Soviet space program in the early stages of the Space Race and beyond. [citation needed], Dialectal differentiation accelerated after the breakup of Kievan Rus' in approximately 1100. [citation needed], The current spelling follows the major reform of 1918, and the final codification of 1956. [119] The transitional disorganisation of the country's agriculture, combined with the harsh state policies and a drought,[120] led to the Soviet famine of 19321933; which killed up to 8.7 million, 3.3 million of them in the Russian SFSR. [47][99][100], According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L.,[101] the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. [523] During the reign of Catherine the Great, Saint Petersburg was transformed into an outdoor museum of Neoclassical architecture. During the crisis, Yeltsin was backed by Western governments, and over 100 people were killed. [47][48][49], Russian is one of the six official languages of the United Nations. However, starting January 2019 Cuban television opened an educational program devoted to the Russian language. [616] Among the 3,000 licensed radio stations nationwide, notable ones include Radio Rossii, Vesti FM, Echo of Moscow, Radio Mayak, and Russkoye Radio. Russia also takes a leading role in organisations such as the CIS,[265] the EAEU,[266] the CSTO,[267] the SCO,[268] and BRICS. WebThe Russians (Russian: , romanized: russkie) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Eastern Europe, who share a common Russian ancestry, culture, and history. [51] The 2009 census reported that 10,309,500 people, or 84.8% of the population aged 15 and above, could read and write well in Russian, and understand the spoken language. It maintains diplomatic relations with 190 United Nations member states, four partially-recognised states, and three United Nations observer states; along with 144 embassies. [370] Russia is the world's fourth-largest electricity producer,[371] and the ninth-largest renewable energy producer in 2019. The languages of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolism ; represented by Mikhail Vrubel and Roerich! Reform of 1918, and fought against France Russian Revolution of 1917, Russian is used! 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